W Water Jet – A procedure that uses high-pressure water and a probe to create air passages in the soil. Primary reason for use is mitigation for compacted soil. Water Jet can be used in conjunction with liquid fertilization only when soil and leaf tissue analysis indicate nutrient limitation. Watersprout – Vigorous, upright shoot that […]
U Union (Crotch) – The junction between stem and branch or between stems. V Vactor Truck – A truck equipped with a large tank and vacuum unit able to remove loose soil or soil-water slurry. Used with water or air pressure to remove soil around tree roots. This equipment is used to remove soil or […]
S Sandy Loam – A soil containing much sand, but which has enough silt and clay to make it somewhat coherent. The individual sand grains can be readily seen and felt. Sapwood – The outer portion of the wood that has living cells and transports water and nutrients and stores carbohydrates. Saturation – In soil […]
R Radial Trenching – A method used to mitigate and replace soil inside the tree root protection zone. Soil is removed from trenches that are 8-12 inches wide and 18-36 inches deep. Trenches are excavated in direct lines toward the base of the tree using air spade, hydraulic excavation or hand careful hand excavation. Backfill […]
P Parent Branch or Stem – The tree trunk or the larger limb from which lateral branches are growing. Photosynthesis – The transformation, in the presence of chlorophyll and light, of carbon dioxide (from air) and water (primarily from soil) into a simple carbohydrate and oxygen. Permanent Branches (Permanent Limbs) – Branches that will remain […]
N Notch-Stress – Location along a tree stem where the uniform force flow is interrupted. The result is localized, high stress areas with a greater potential for failure. Nutrients – The substances, such as mineral elements and compounds, including water and air, that a plant synthesizes into the complex compounds of tissue.
M Macronutrient – A chemical element necessary in large amounts (usually 50 mg/kg in the plant) for the growth of plants. Includes C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Contrast with micronutrient. Mature Trees – Trees that have reached at least 75% of their typical final height and spread. Meristem – Embryonic […]
L Lateral – A branch or twig growing from a parent branch or stem in a horizontal direction from the parent stem. Leader – A dominant upright stem, usually the main trunk. Lean – Departure from the vertical of the stem, beginning at or near the base of the trunk. Limb – Same as branch, […]
I Included Bark or Embedded Bark (EB) – Included bark occurs when bark is included into the attachment between two stems, preventing the joining of wood tissue in the area between the stems. Included bark attachments always have an extremely narrow angle between the stems, resembling the letter “V” (rather than the letter “U” or […]
H Hardscape – The pavement, irrigation system, and other structural elements of a landscape. Heading Cut – Pruning a currently growing of one-year shoot back to a bud, or cutting an older branch or stem back to a stub or lateral branch not sufficiently large enough to assume the terminal role. Heart Rot – Decay […]
